Lignin concentrations in phloem and outer bark are not associated with resistance to mountain pine beetle among high elevation pines.

A key component in understanding plant-insect interactions is the nature of host defenses.Research on defense traits among Pinus species has focused on specialized metabolites and axial resin ducts, but the role of lignin in defense within diverse systems is unclear.We investigated lignin levels in the outer bark and phloem of P.longaeva, P.balfour

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Long-term medical and social consequences of underage labor

The long-term effects (marital status, attitude to breastfeeding, re-pregnancy rate) underage (aged 13-17 years) labor who gave birth within and outside the Soap specialized educational program were studied.It was revealed that the girls who attended program classes, continued breastfeeding significantly longer.At the same time, no significant diff

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